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- Visual atlas
Visual atlas
50 ultrasound20 tracings63 photographs and figures
Everything the platform shows, laid out by modality with its source. Ultrasound images open in the lab with the answer held back; here they are captioned, so this is the page to browse after you have practised.
Obstetric ultrasound
Real images, credited. Titles here name the finding; the lab does not.
Very early intrauterine gestational sac
Early pregnancy · Transvaginal, sagittal
Intrauterine pregnancy confirmed by a yolk sac
Early pregnancy · Transvaginal
Early intrauterine pregnancy with the double decidual sac sign and a yolk sac
Early pregnancy · Transvaginal
Early intrauterine pregnancy with a 3 mm embryo
Early pregnancy · Transvaginal
Single viable intrauterine pregnancy dated at 8+1 weeks by crown-rump length
Dating · Transvaginal
Normal 12-week fetus, correctly measured crown-rump length
Dating · Transabdominal, mid-sagittal
Normal nuchal translucency and nasal bone at 13 weeks
First-trimester screening · Mid-sagittal profile, magnified so the head and upper thorax fill the image
Increased nuchal translucency with absent nasal bone; chorionic villus sampling in this pregnancy showed trisomy 21
First-trimester screening · Mid-sagittal profile
Dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy
Multiple pregnancy · Transvaginal
Twin pregnancy in the second trimester
Multiple pregnancy · Transabdominal
Anembryonic pregnancy (early pregnancy loss)
Early pregnancy loss · Transvaginal
Incomplete miscarriage with retained products in the cervical region
Early pregnancy loss · Transabdominal, sagittal
Molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole)
Early pregnancy · Transvaginal
Molar pregnancy
Early pregnancy · Transabdominal
Tubal ectopic pregnancy (blob sign) in a patient with an IUD
Ectopic pregnancy · Transvaginal
Left tubal ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy · Transvaginal, sagittal
Haemoperitoneum from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy · Right upper quadrant, coronal (FAST view)
Ectopic pregnancy (the sonographer's abbreviation for extra-uterine pregnancy is on the image)
Ectopic pregnancy · Transabdominal
Normal posterior fossa at the anatomy scan
Anatomy scan · Transcerebellar (modified axial)
Fetal head in axial section (uploader's description: ultrasound images of fetal head)
Anatomy scan · Transabdominal, axial
Normal fetal spine at 21 weeks
Anatomy scan · 3D static volume, skeletal mode, posterior view
Open spina bifida with a lumbar myelomeningocele
Anatomy scan · Transabdominal, longitudinal spine
Holoprosencephaly (alobar); the karyotype in this pregnancy was normal
Anatomy scan · Axial head
Normal fetal profile at 14 weeks
Anatomy scan · Mid-sagittal profile
Normal fetal profile at 22 weeks
Anatomy scan · Mid-sagittal profile
Normal cervical length at 22 weeks
Cervix · Transvaginal, sagittal cervix
Normal central placental cord insertion, three-vessel cord
Placenta · Transabdominal with colour Doppler
Placental abruption (retroplacental haematoma)
Placenta · Transabdominal, two frames
Mature, calcified placenta in a post-term pregnancy
Placenta · Transabdominal
Polyhydramnios
Amniotic fluid · Transabdominal
Polyhydramnios
Amniotic fluid · Transabdominal
Fetal hydrops (uploader's description: 19-week fetus with hydrops)
Fetal wellbeing · Transabdominal, transverse trunk
Bicornuate uterus with an early pregnancy in the right horn
Uterine anomalies · Transvaginal, coronal
Gynaecological ultrasound
Uterus, endometrium, adnexa, devices.
Large uterine fibroid (leiomyoma)
Uterus · Transabdominal
Ovarian endometrioma (confirmed at laparoscopy)
Adnexa · Transvaginal
Thin endometrium (3.3 mm) in postmenopausal bleeding: endometrial cancer unlikely
Uterus · Transvaginal, sagittal
Small intramural fibroid
Uterus · Transvaginal, sagittal
Subserosal fibroid
Uterus · Transvaginal
Adenomyosis
Uterus · Transvaginal
Endometrioma with the characteristic ground-glass appearance
Adnexa · Transvaginal
Haemorrhagic ovarian cyst
Adnexa · Transvaginal
Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
Adnexa · Transvaginal
Dermoid cyst
Adnexa · Transvaginal
Polycystic ovarian morphology
Ovaries · Transvaginal
Polycystic ovarian morphology
Ovaries · Transvaginal
Left hydrosalpinx
Adnexa · Transvaginal, left adnexa
Copper IUD correctly positioned within the uterine cavity
Contraception · Transvaginal, sagittal
Perforated IUD lying behind the uterus within a foreign-body granuloma (inserted 36 years earlier)
Contraception · Transvaginal, sagittal
Uterus didelphys
Uterine anomalies · Transabdominal, transverse
Müllerian duct anomaly: didelphys or complete bicornuate uterus (the uploader could not distinguish the two)
Uterine anomalies · Transabdominal
Fetal heart rate tracings
Authored schematic teaching tracings generated from parameters; none is a real patient's recording.
Active labour at term, admission strip
39+2 weeks · Category I
Antenatal non-stress test, decreased movements
36+4 weeks · Category I
Active labour, decelerations with each contraction
40+1 weeks · Category I
Induction on oxytocin, recurring decelerations
41+3 weeks · Category II
Growth restriction, in labour, recurring decelerations
37+5 weeks · Category III
Second stage, abrupt dips with contractions
39+0 weeks · Category II
Ruptured membranes, deep dips every contraction
38+3 weeks · Category II
After an epidural top-up, one long drop
40+0 weeks · Category II
Prolonged rupture of membranes, fast baseline
39+5 weeks · Category II
Membranes just ruptured, rate falls and stays down
38+0 weeks · Category III
Reduced movements, a smooth undulating line
34+6 weeks · Category III
Thirty minutes after intramuscular morphine
39+3 weeks · Category II
Oxytocin increased an hour ago, contractions crowding
40+4 weeks · Category II
Pushing, a wide jagged band
39+6 weeks · Category II
Preterm, admitted with contractions
31+5 weeks · Category I
Non-stress test with no accelerations
37+2 weeks · Category II
Reduced movements, shallow dips
38+6 weeks · Category II
Second stage, a dip with every push
40+2 weeks · Category II
Preeclampsia induction on magnesium sulfate
34+5 weeks · Category II
Early labour, multiparous, admission strip
40+1 weeks · Category I
Photographs and figures
The placenta, the monitor, the instruments, the drawings.
A delivered placenta, fetal side, with the umbilical cord inserting near the centre and the membranes around the edge
Habj (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain
A placenta minutes after delivery, fetal surface, chorionic vessels radiating from the cord insertion
Grendelkhan · CC BY-SA 4.0
A delivered placenta held up by its membranes, maternal surface showing the cotyledons
moppet65535 · CC BY-SA 2.0
A fetal monitor on a labour ward showing the fetal heart rate in large figures and the paper strip emerging beneath
Eliran t · CC BY-SA 4.0
A printed cardiotocograph: the fetal heart rate trace above and the uterine activity trace below on gridded paper
Mariakeernik · CC BY-SA 3.0
A cardiotocograph printout for a woman not in labour, with the fetal heart rate, movement markers and uterine activity channels labelled A to D
PhantomSteve · CC BY-SA 3.0
A cardiotocography machine on a stand with its two transducers and paper output
Tommy Halvarsson · CC BY-SA 3.0
A Cusco bivalve speculum, closed, seen from the side
Sarindam7 · CC BY-SA 4.0
A sagittal diagram of the pelvis with a speculum in place, blades open to show the cervix
Sciencia58 · CC BY-SA 4.0
A line drawing of the bimanual examination: two fingers in the vagina, the other hand on the abdomen, with the uterus, bladder, ovary and tube labelled
National Cancer Institute · Public domain
Four drawings of Leopold's manoeuvres from the 1894 original: the fundus, the sides, the presenting part and the pelvic grip
Christian Gerhard Leopold (1894) · Public domain
First Leopold manoeuvre: both hands on the fundus
Leopold and Spörlin (1894) · Public domain
Second Leopold manoeuvre: hands on either side of the uterus to find the back
Leopold and Spörlin (1894) · Public domain
Third Leopold manoeuvre: one hand grasps the presenting part above the pubis
Leopold and Spörlin (1894) · Public domain
Fourth Leopold manoeuvre: facing the feet, fingers press either side of the presenting part
Leopold and Spörlin (1894) · Public domain
A colposcope on its stand
S. Kellam · Public domain
An illustration of colposcopy: the magnified view of the cervix through the speculum with an inset of the tissue
BruceBlaus · CC BY-SA 4.0
A nulliparous cervix seen through a speculum, with a red ring of columnar epithelium around the os, an ectropion
GynaeImages · CC BY-SA 4.0
A cervix seen through a speculum with a small round os
Tequilla11 · CC BY-SA 4.0
A cervix photographed after acetic acid, with no acetowhite change, a negative visual inspection
Lee H, Makin MS, Mtengezo JT et al. · CC BY 4.0
Dried fluid under the microscope showing a fern-like crystal pattern
Paul_012 · CC BY-SA 2.0
Two illustrations: a placenta in its usual position on the upper uterus, and a placenta covering the cervix
BruceBlaus · CC BY-SA 4.0
A watercolour of two uteri: a marginal placenta praevia reaching the internal os and a complete praevia covering it
Bonnie Urquhart Gruenberg · CC BY-SA 4.0
A coloured pencil drawing of a term fetus with a complete placenta praevia that is bleeding
Bonnie Urquhart Gruenberg · CC BY-SA 4.0
A normal hysterosalpingogram: contrast fills a triangular uterine cavity and both tubes, with spill into the peritoneum
Jmarchn · CC BY-SA 3.0
A hysterosalpingogram with filling defects in the uterine cavity from intrauterine adhesions, labelled
Floranerolia · CC BY-SA 4.0
An ultrasound machine's monitor showing a fetal profile at 20 weeks
Goleisureintl · CC BY 4.0
Longitudinal cut through the cervix and lower uterine segment of a hysterectomy specimen, with a pale tumour in the cavity above a normal cervix and a ruler for scale
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
An opened uterus with a friable pale tumour filling the endometrial cavity and extending into the myometrium, ruler above
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
A cut uterus in a specimen jar with a carcinomatous growth of the endometrium invading the myometrium
Netha Hussain · CC BY-SA 3.0
Hysterectomy specimen photographed under water: a mass of translucent grape-like vesicles filling the cavity, a complete hydatidiform mole
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
Low-power photomicrograph of a partial hydatidiform mole: swollen hydropic villi on the left beside relatively normal villi on the right
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
An 11 cm opened ovarian cystadenoma with many thin-walled locules, a multilocular cystic tumour
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
Micrograph of an ovarian serous cystadenoma, H&E stain: a single layer of bland epithelium over a fibrous wall
Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0
High-power histology of a serous cystadenoma of the ovary with scattered ciliated cells, resembling tubal epithelium
Michiko Nagamine and Yoshiki Mikami · CC BY 4.0
Micrograph of proliferative phase endometrium, H&E stain: straight tubular glands in a cellular stroma
Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0
Labelled low-power histology of secretory endometrium: stratum compactum, stratum spongiosum with corkscrew glands, stratum basale and the myometrium beneath
Roshan Nasimudeen · CC BY-SA 3.0
Micrograph of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, H&E stain: basal atypia with anastomosing rete ridges
Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0
Sagittal fat-suppressed T2 MRI of the pelvis with a bright round cyst at the posterior introitus, a Bartholin gland cyst
Hellerhoff · CC BY-SA 4.0
Axial fat-suppressed T2 MRI of the perineum with a bright round cyst beside the vaginal introitus, a Bartholin gland cyst
Hellerhoff · CC BY-SA 4.0
Four axial pelvic MRI panels rendered in false colour: a functional cyst, a haemorrhagic cyst, a mature teratoma with a fat-fluid level, and an endometrioma
Nevit Dilmen · CC BY-SA 3.0
A copper intrauterine device, the Multiload Cu 250, beside a centimetre scale
Sarang · Public domain
A diagram of a copper intrauterine device in place in the uterine cavity, the copper wire on the stem and the strings through the cervix
Ships at a Distance · CC BY-SA 3.0
Sagittal T2 MRI of the pelvis with a bulky uterus whose posterior wall is thickened and studded with small bright foci, an arrow on the junctional zone
Varun Babu, Radiopaedia.org (rID 43504) · CC BY-SA 4.0
A hysterectomy specimen cut open to show a large solitary yellow-white whorled fibroid in the fundus, splaying the endometrial cavity into a Y shape
Ed Uthman · Public domain
A museum specimen of a uterus cut to show many whorled fibroids of different sizes filling the wall
Pathology museum, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine (photograph by Alaa) · CC BY-SA 4.0
An opened ovarian dermoid cyst with hair and sebaceous material inside, removed at caesarean section
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
Micrograph of a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary, H&E stain, with skin adnexal structures and mature tissue
Ed Uthman · CC BY 2.0
Micrograph of a nodule of mature hyaline cartilage within an ovarian teratoma, H&E stain
Mikael Häggström · CC0
A labelled composite of laparoscopic photographs: four examples each of peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, endometriosis on the uterus and deep infiltrating endometriosis
Leibetseder et al. · CC BY 4.0
Laparoscopic view of a perforated endometriosis cyst of the left ovary with dark chocolate-coloured contents
Hic et nunc · Public domain
A drawing of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system in place in the uterine cavity, the hormone reservoir on the stem and the threads through the cervix
Hic et nunc · Public domain
Photomicrograph of a liquid-based Pap smear: normal squamous cells on the left, HPV-infected cells with enlarged dark nuclei and perinuclear halos on the right, a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Ed Uthman · CC BY-SA 2.0
A labelled sagittal illustration of the female pelvis: uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vesicouterine and rectouterine pouches, vagina, cervix, fornix, labia and the greater vestibular gland
Blausen Medical (BruceBlaus), Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014, WikiJournal of Medicine · CC BY 3.0
An eighteenth-century engraving of the pregnant uterus opened from the front to show a term fetus in its natural position, head down, from William Hunter's atlas of the gravid uterus
Jan van Rymsdyk for William Hunter, Anatomia uteri humani gravidi (1774), Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0
An engraving from William Hunter's atlas showing the opened gravid uterus with the fetus curled inside, seen from the side
Jan van Rymsdyk for William Hunter, Anatomia uteri humani gravidi (1774), Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0
A line drawing of a woman's torso with the uterus at the end of the first, second and third trimesters outlined and labelled, the fundus rising from the pelvis to the ribs
OpenStax College, Anatomy and Physiology · CC BY 3.0
Laparoscopic view of the pelvis with the uterus marked by blue arrows and a swollen, dusky left fallopian tube marked by red arrows, a tubal ectopic pregnancy
Mikael Häggström · CC BY-SA 3.0
A nineteenth-century obstetric plate of breech presentations and the manoeuvres for delivering them, from Kilian's atlas, Wellcome Collection
Hermann Friedrich Kilian, Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0
A labelled composite of ultrasound scans of polycystic ovaries with automated follicle counting and a three-dimensional rendering of the follicles
Di Michele, Fulghesu, Pittui, Cordella et al. · CC BY-SA 4.0
Axial CT of the pelvis with a large heterogeneous mass circled, arising from the adnexa, an ovarian cancer
James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 3.0
Sagittal T2-weighted MRI of the pelvis with an intermediate-signal mass replacing the cervix, a cervical cancer
Rádiológ (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0
Gray's Anatomy plate of the uterus and right broad ligament from behind, the broad ligament spread out and the ovary drawn down, with the ligament of the ovary, uterine tube, epoophoron and fimbria labelled
Henry Vandyke Carter, Gray's Anatomy (1918) · Public domain